National Heroes of Azerbaijan
Courageous student – fighter
He dreamed to become the known physicist. With interest and love I read materials about life of prominent physicists, being still studying, constantly made various physical experiments, I tried to learn more from the favourite teacher-physicist. But his dream remained only dream rather Armenians didn’t allow him to carry out it…
Rovshan Shamil oglu Huseynov was born on February 22, 1967 in Guzanly village of the Agdam district of Azerbaijan. Having graduated in 1984 from rural high school, he got a job in Agdam recreation center.
Having successfully passed entrance examinations, Rovshan next year entered on physical faculty of the Baku State University (BSU). At the same year he was called on the active military service in the ranks of the former Soviet army, and after demobilization from army continued the study in BSU.
The end of the 80th and the beginning of the 90th years of last century were too difficult for all Azerbaijani people – in those days the situation in the republic extremely became complicated because of separatist acts of the Armenians acting with territorial claims against Azerbaijan. Events of those times infinately disturbed all youth of the country among which there was also student R. Huseynov. Before state examinations there were only three months, but circumstance to the republics compelled him to take an unusual step. In 1992 at the initiative of Rovshan the group of students has two-month military training upon termination of which in the form of a student’s platoon they went to one of the most hot spots of that time – to the Goranboy district. Here the platoon was attached to the 703rd military unit of National Army of Azerbaijan where his glorious fighting way began.
Fights for height of Holandag became the most difficult test fight for a student’s platoon under R. Huseynov’s command. From the called height was possible to supervise settlements Erkech, Meneshli, Buzlug and Shaumyan (Agdzhakend).
On April 28, 1992 the enemy forces which charging extra in the structure over three hundred soldiers and officers and have been completely equipped with military equipment, Holandag attacked. The first enemy attack was successfully repulsed. The group of the Armenian fighters in absent-mindedness receded. The enemy embittered from defeat before a small student’s platoon, after a four-day break again attacked height of Holandag, but now with a greater force. Rovshan’s platoon destroyed 2 enemy armor equipment and tens of manpower. This operation ruined the plan of the Armenian forces to clear the bar Holandag and to leave in Chaykend.
Fights for Morgushevan with participation of a student’s platoon also became historical. During these fights which are passing on May 11th, 1992, 27 fighters from Mingechaur group appeared in an enemy environment. The commander of crew asked for the help a student’s platoon. Students fighters released them from an environment, but, unfortunately, now got to an environment. Bloody fight was started. Two students died in this unequal fight and some of them got wounds. R. Huseynov instantly estimated a situation and, having understood that friends on fight can be taken prisoner, assumed a problem of destruction of an enemy weapon emplacement. Rovshan’s machine gun made the trick: the Azerbaijani fighters left an environment. The 25-year-old student fighter heroically died…
On Novomber 16, 1994, Rovshan Shamil oglu Huseynov was posthumously conferred the honorary title of the National Hero of Azerbaijan by the decree of the President of Azerbaijan.
The hero is buried in Guzanly village, and his bust is erected in BSU.
Gadir NASIROV,
“Voice of Karabakh”
Jamil HASANLI, doctor of historical science, professor
Nagorno-Karabakh: old misconceptions in new interpretation
(beginning in the previous issues)
Despite the proclamation of the declaration of Azrevkom by N. Narimanov on December 1, 1920, Nakhchivan, and also Karabakh with its low and mountainous parts continued to remain as a part of Azerbaijan. However after signing of the Moscow contract between the Soviet Russia and Kemalist Turkey on March 16, 1921 on which the Nakhchivan area formed the autonomous territory under protectorate of Azerbaijan provided that Azerbaijan won’t concede this protectorate to the third state, the question concerning mountainous part of Karabakh moved forward again on the first place of the agenda in the relations of Azerbaijan and Armenia.
On June 3, 1921 meeting of the Caucasian Central Committee Bureau of the RCP (b) with the assistance of members of Bureau Orjonikidze, Makharadze, Narimanov, Myasnikova, Orakhelashvili, Nazaretyan, Figatner and the candidate in members of Bureau of the secretary of the Central Committee of CP of Azerbaijan Kaminsky, and also the member of the Central Committee of CC Georgia of Eliava (b) took place. At evening meeting of plenum in the agenda there were three questions: 1) Azerbaijani question; 2) Zangezur question; 3) About nomads. Decisions on the first and third questions are reflected in protocol N 6, however on the second question instead of the decision there is a record “see the annex to the protocol” (Protocol N 6 of evening meeting of Plenum of Caubureau of the CC of RCP (b). 03.06.1921//RGASPI, f.64, list.1, d1, l.76 vol.). Here, as they say, the root of all evil also is covered. First, RCP Caubureau’s decision of the CC on the Zangezur question, consisting of 7 points, it was accepted with a signature stamp “top secret” though protocol N 6 entirely has no such signature stamp. Secondly, from 7 points of this confidential decision only 6 concern Zangezur, and the point fifth is related only to Nagorno-Karabakh, and in it the following is written down: “To specify in the declaration of the Armenian government on ownership of Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia” (The annex to protocol N 6 of evening meeting of Plenum of Caubureau of the CC of RCP. 03.06.1921//RGASPI, f.64, list.1, d1, l.77). That is in “absolutely confidential” it was entrusted to form of Armenia to make the governmental declaration, where to specify ownership of Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia.
After the similar decision, on June 12 the Council of People’s Commissars of Armenia issued the Decree about joining of mountainous part of Karabakh to Armenia. In it was written down: “On the basis of the declaration of Revolutionary Committee of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan and the arrangement between the socialist republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan, it is proclaimed that from now on Nagorno-Karabakh is an integral part of the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia” (Baku worker, 1921, June 22). This decree signed on June 12 by A.Myasnikov (Martuni) and M. Karabekyan, (b) be discussed on June 15 in the Central Committee of CC of Armenia then the decision on its publication was made. There it was told: “To publish the decree about accession of Nagorno-Karabakh to the Soviet Armenia”. At the same meeting by the fifth point there was a question “About the Direction of the Representative to Karabakh”. In the decision it was written down: “Comrade. And Mravyan with him Pirumov, Akop Ioanisyan, Ter-Simonyan and group of other companions send to Karabakh” (Protocol N 8 of meeting of the Central Committee of CC of Armenia. 15.06.1921//RGASPI, f.64, list.1, d 105, p.11 about.). According to this decision, only on June 19, that is the whole week, the Armenian Revolutionary Committee later published in the press the governmental decree. Askanaz Mravyan was approved as the extraordinary attorney in Nagorno-Karabakh.
Acquaintance to the text of the decree of SNC of Armenia of June 12 reveals the interesting moments: despite the fact that it was written down in the decree, in Azrevkom’s declaration spoken nothing about transfer of Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia, between the republics any legally significant agreement wasn’t issued. Probably, authors of the decree were inspired “absolutely confidential” by the decision on “the Zangezur question”, made by Caubureau RCP (b) Central Committee at G. Orjonikidze’s presidency and Ya.Figatner’s secretaryship of June 3, 1921. And for some reason RCP (b) Caubureau’s decision of the Central Committee of June 3 is not be mentioned in the decree of June 12. To it, first, stirred a signature stamp “Top secret”, and, secondly, Cauburea of the Central Committee of RCP (b) did not have the authority to make such a decision.
(to be continued)
Rauf HUSEYN-ZADEH, doctor of historical science
Characteristics of Armenians by their compatriots and contemporaries
Migration of Armenians’ ancestors from their historic motherland into the region of Frakia (i.e.in Europe, in Balkans) into the Minor Asia and further to the East, up to Caucasus inclusively, and accompanied perturbations influenced many facets of history and life of Armenian nation.
Armenians and other nations populated in Fore Asia were influenced by Antic Greeks and Romans, Persians and Syrians. A lot of things were taken including vocabulary, many elements of culture, social-political, trade and economy and confessional life, traditions. This was objective process, which confirmed known notion that there are no pure races or ethnos, languages and cultures.
The final accord in process of influence onto Armenians was probably done by Russians started from XIX century. Thus, for formation of Armenian and Russian collective memory the grounding on historic and historiographic narrations is characteristic: “Russians and Armenians once formed narration patterns, which permanently penetrated and also deliberately inserted into collective memory of these nations… If Russian historic narratives made an accent on “Russian nation being selected by God”, the Armenian narratives accents were oriented to restoration of “Great Armenia” and memory about “former power”. However, there are nuances allowing to speak about specific peculiarities of Armenians and this were noted by their compatriots and contemporaries.
In geopolitics there are such terms as “consumer of safety” and “producer of safety”. To the latter the great powers and large states do belong. The former includes average, small and tiny states. Besides there are “sources of danger”, which may be any countries and various states, known by their “non-traditional” orientation and activity, which did not fall into common norms of international community.
In Caucasus the “consumers of safety” and simultaneously “sources of danger” are several local political and administrative subjects. Due to these definitions it is noteworthy to pay attention to Armenian ethnos –allochthon (migrated) and how it is characterized by compatriots and contemporaries. This is very important since the image of Armenians is unambiguous due to their ability to acclimatize and adapt to the environment of their inhabitance, where they are thrown by fate, more precisely by military and political realities. This was the situation in the past, and it is similar today. At the same time, Armenians are so dissimilar that even living in the same country they adhere to traditions and rules of initial “starting ground”. As a result, “Western” Armenians do not understand, even do not accept “Eastern”, “Russian” that of “Caucasian”, “European” do not accept those “American”, etc.
Most early detailed characteristic of Armenians belong to Armenian author of XVII century Simeon Lekhatsi, who had opportunity to observe lifestyle and activity of his compatriots in Ottoman empire. He spent several years there and through that period had seen and heard many things, being in Istanbul, Bursa, Izmir, Jerusalem, Cairo, Damascus and Ankara. At this “Simeon naturally was interested first of all in Armenians, their population number, activities and positions in all towns and villages, where he had went”.
Simeon Lekhatsi thoroughly describes favorable conditions under which Armenians-Christians lived under the rule of Ottoman Sultans-Moslems. Thus, he indicated that almost in all towns and many villages of Minor Asia populated by Armenians they had their churches, monasteries, bishops and monks. He finishes his appeal by phrase: “I do not know for what, all nations, believers or unbelievers, all love us, except for Greeks, although our nation have no unanimity and [Armenians] do not like each other, for which they became famous”.
After occupation of Caucasus by Russian empire in the first half of XIX century Russian experts studying Caucasus paid attention to behavior of Armenians, moved to the region from Ottoman empire and Iran state: “Due to historically developed conditions Armenians allocated around the globe. That is why, the Motherland for Armenians is a country, where they may use their tricky minds with a most profit and safety…They dominated in trading in Tiflis and all Caucasus… They are translators, presenters, factors, i.e. Armenians are everywhere there the profit is. Profit is the first motive of all their thoughts and actions”.
Paradox, to which it is hard to find something similar and which is stated always by Armenians themselves, consists in duality of Armenian ethnos. Paradox also in definition “various nations” – as now Armenian intelligentsia say about Armenians of Diaspora and republic of Armenia. That is why, according to modern Armenian intellectual “in my opinion we are various nations. Armenia is the country of Caucasus. Diaspora by its Constantinopol roots and various influences is quite the other world. Independently from us, two various nations were formed. Similar by blood, almost similar by language, they are almost antipodes by their world-view”.
(to be continued)
20-year history of aggression of Armenia
and an incredible 20-year indifference of the international public
The Armenian mythical plan on creation the so-called “Great Armenia” by assignment of territories of neighboring countries which nurtured decades, continued to be carried out in times when the former USSR was already at death’s door.
Having received M. Gorbachev’s good, the head of the dying power of that time, Armenians started carrying out the dirty intention. At first they in the various ways, including physical destruction of the Azerbaijani population, “cleared” the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region (NKAR) of Azerbaijan of the last and actually occupied the called area. Then they started capture of territories round NKAR, and in May, 1992 occupied Lachin, and in April, 1993 – Kelbajar the regions of Azerbaijan which have important strategic value and directly adjoining on Armenia.
After that Armenia started carrying out the following step of its agressive plan under the pretext of education so-called “a buffer safety zone of the people of Karabakh”. And Agdam district, the largest and developed region of Karabakh, with the 175-thousand population and the territory in 1154 of square kilometers was the first object of occupation, of course. Actually this area since 1988 began to feel on itself weight notorious “the Armenian movement” on rejection of the Nagorno-Karabakh (NK) – an integral part of Azerbaijan. By the way, it isn’t casual, probably, that two peace Agdam residents – young men Ali Hajiyev and Bakhtiyar Guliyev (during this first collision 55 people were wounded) became the first victims of the Armenian armed approach on February 22, 1988. Since that time, Agdam overcame a constant Armenian impact, but, eventually, couldn’t resist big force represented by the Russian army which is illegally acting on the side of aggressors. On July 23, 1993 armed forces of Armenia with support of the Russian military personnel occupied about 80 percent of the territory of the Agdam district of Azerbaijan.
Agdam’s capture was too hard blow for Azerbaijan both in strategic, and in economic, and in moral and psychological sense (with some indicators of the damage caused to our country as a result of the Armenian occupation of four districts in the summer of 1993, you can get acquainted in this issue of our newspaper – edi.) and served as peculiar green light for further aggressive acts of Armenia.
Exactly a month later from the date of Agdam’s occupation – on August 23 of the same year the armed bands of Armenia, as before, with support of the Russian armies seized at once two neighboring Azerbaijani districts – Jabrail and Fizuli. One village of the first and the settlement Horadiz of the second district were won by the Azerbaijani armed forces. Besides, 25 villages of the Fizuli district remained in unoccupied territory. Capture of these two districts Armenians managed to isolate the Gubadly and Zangilan districts located to the west of them and adjoining on Armenia from other part of the territory of the republic. In only some days – on August 31, 1993 the Armenian aggressive forces occupied the Gubadly district. It occupied by Armenia before the territory out of NKAR the territory of the called four districts in 4058 square kilometers then it became equal to 7829 square kilometers increased still.
During fighting operations, in territories of these four districts over 7500 people were killed, 37 people from them for the shown heroism and courage in fights for the homeland was awarded a high rank of National Hero of Azerbaijan.
Too heavy for Azerbaijan there was a result of agressive policy of Armenia. It is enough to remind only that 89434 families or 354481 inhabitants of the above-named four districts were compelled to leave a home and, having absolutely lost all the condition, these innocent people were doomed to pity refugee life. The undeclared war of Armenia against Azerbaijan served destruction of 357 settlements in the territory of these four districts.
The undeclared war of Armenia against Azerbaijan, caused material damage to the Azerbaijani state and inhabitants of occupied territories which is estimated for today of more than 300 billion US dollars, caused also big moral damage to the population of the above-named four districts.
During the Armenian aggression about 900 settlements were destroyed, razed about 100000 personal and public constructions, 1193 industrial and agricultural facilities, 545 educational institutions, 411 – public health services, 739 – cultures, 192 objects of communication. War led to destruction of highways 1414 kilometers long, the railroads – 120 kilometers, power lines – 69000 kilometers, 132 railway and automobile bridges, 131 reservoirs, water lines 3125 kilometers long, forests of 20000 hectares are destroyed or plundered.
There is a wish to quote, by the way, some eyewitnesses of the Armenian barbarity in Agdam which with confidence and can completely be carried to all territory of Azerbaijan occupied by Armenia. In day of one of the next anniversaries of occupation of Agdam, videotape recording of non-familiar Russian operator was shown on TV by ANS with his trembling words: “It is frightful spectacle…It is impossible to look at… I will not shoot Aghdam. I am not able to…” Other author Irakliy Chikhladze expresses his emotions in his article for internet-site “New Region “Journey to Karabakh. Unbiased view point” so transfers his impressions of travel to Agdam: “It is not a town. It is dreadful monument to war madness… Aghdam is sometimes called ghost town… Sometimes Caucasian Hiroshima… The town is totally destroyed. The road is adorned with inscriptions warning that the territory around is mined. It seems that you are in unreal world without any homo sapiens. Everybody died out… Additional decoration is an old, deserted Muslim cemetery with a lonely crypt punched with a shell…”
It is necessary to emphasize especially that Armenians with the overestimated addiction, purposefully and intentionally destroyed everything being in the occupied territory including in the called four districts national historical, cultural, architectural monuments of Azerbaijan, both republican, and world value, than caused an irreplaceable and invaluable damage to our country and the Azerbaijani people.
All these four districts, as well as other occupied Azerbaijani cities and districts, were located on the most favorable both with military, and with geographical the points of view territories of the republic – in these parts the most various flora and fauna, a subsoil of these lands is rich with various valuable minerals. And all this natural national wealth barbarous is plundered by Armenia, since occupation time that proceeds and to this day. By the Armenian aggressors it is caused and the irreplaceable damage continues to be caused now to the nature and ecology of the above-named region, and is equal also all country.
Together with the destructive and extortionate activity, Armenia besides purposefully and intentionally is engaged in illegal settling of the Azerbaijani lands occupied by, including territories of Agdam, Jabrail, Fizuli, Gubadly districts. The country aggressor plans to bring number of inhabitants in occupied territories to 300 thousand people, and within this plan, according to information of the Armenian sources, for 2007-2011 on the occupied lands of Azerbaijan, including in the territory of the called 4 districts, more than 600 Armenian families were moved. The Armenian impudence reached before that they plan to found the new village on fertile lands of the Jabrail district on the river bank Araz and to lodge there the Armenian families for occupation by agricultural production. And thus these lands are represented as the territory of the Khojavand district (more precisely, the former Hadrut region of NKAR).
So, 20 years have passed since occupation of Agdam, Jabrail, Fizuli, Gubadly districts. What was changed, except continuous vandal activity of Armenia? Absolutely anything! The same term passed since acceptance by the UN Security Council of four resolutions, “condemning the occupation fact” and “armed forces demanding a conclusion from the occupied Azerbaijani territories”. There is a number of the relevant decisions and resolutions of OSCE, Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, NATO and other international organizations. Over 20 years the Minsk OSCE Group “deals” with an issue of settlement of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict. But what sense from all this? Absolutely any sense. All this is clear confirmation of the fact of the indifferent relation of the international public to the matter. In other words, leaves that everything that “do” in this direction, serves only for a tick. There is a question: to whom are these international organizations in that case necessary?
But nevertheless there is force, capable to solve a problem. This is – the Azerbaijani people and its armed forces. They by all means will clear the lands including territories of the above-named four districts from the Armenian evil spirits and will restore territorial integrity of Azerbaijan.
G.ZEYNALOGLU,
“Voice of Karabakh”
Destroyed facilities from the occupation of Aghdam district
The district borders with Agjabedi, Barda, Terter, Kalbajar districts and the former Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous Region of Azerbaijan.
Occupied territory – 847 sq.km. (77,5% of total area)
Settlements – 122 (90 of them are occupied)
Martyrs died during the military operations – 6000 persons
Disabled veterans – about 1000 persons
Taken captives and hostages – 188 persons
Population expelled from their native lands – 126,000 people
Houses and public buildings– 34 680
Industrial, agricultural and construction facilities – 89
Educational facilities (schools, vocational schools, kindergartens, music facilities) – 163
Health facilities – 128
Culture facilities – 108
Communication facilities – 57
Mosques – 16
Libraries – 71
Cinema facilities – 30
Museums – 4
Rare museum exhibits – approximately 17 000
Stadium – 1
Historical and religious monuments – more than 210
Republican motorways and local importance– more than 300 km
Railways – more than 40 km
Bridges – 10
Water-pipes – more than 90 km
Reservoirs – 3
Electric lines – more than 300 km
Airport – 1
Sanatorium and resort facilities – 3
Forest areas – 1700 hectares
Arable lands and pastures – 50 253 hectares
Livestock (private and public sectors) – more than 103 488 heads
Orchards – 1,176 hectares
Vineyards – 10 722 hectares
Approximately damage – 6,1 billion US dollars (at a price of that time)
The basis of the region’s economy was agriculture, provided by cattle-breeding, sericulture, viticulture, arable farming, melon growing.
Agdam was the region with developed agriculture, the enterprises of the heavy, light and food industry here functioned. In the region plants of the machine, aerospace and communication facilities, a hardware fitment plant, plant on repair of tractors and cars, asphalt, canning, oil cheese, cotton-cleaning, wine-making, grain plants, a stone pit, carpet factory, factory of grain products, combines of construction materials, meat, etc. worked.
In the territory of the region there were hundreds historical, cultural, architectural monuments, including, the Caravanserai (XVIII century) in the village of Shakhbulag, a sarcophagus to Hanoglu (XVII century), throws (XVII century), a shed and a mausoleum of Panahali khan (XVIII century), a sarcophagus Gutla Sarah Musa oglu (1314), tomb and stone monuments (XIV century) in Kengerli’s village, tombs and a mosque (XVIII century) in the village of Papravend, Natavan khanum mausoleum and her son (XIX century), a sarcophagus (XV century) in the village Magsudla, a crypt (XV century) and the Castle Hatem Melik (XII century) in the city of Agdam, and etc.